19 50 Definition A local or generalized reaction usually characterized by hives and dyspnea as a response to an allergen, a substance that ordinarily is harmless but capable of inducing hypersensitivity. Allergies occur after repeated exposure to the potential allergen when the body has produced antibodies. Allergic reactions vary from mild to serious, and may progress to anaphylaxis. Common Allergens Animal dander Insect venom Poison ivy Castor beans Isocyanates Poison oak Cosmetics Latex Poison sumac Dust Medications Pollens Dyes Nickel Spores of mold Flour dust Perfumes Soaps Foods Plants Western red cedar Green coffee beans Platinum salts Characteristics A variety of allergic reactions can take place almost anywhere in the body, usually within an hour of exposure. The most common allergies affect the skin and respiratory passages, al- though other areas can be affected (e.g., the digestive tract, nervous system, joints, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels). Allergic skin reactions—include urticaria (hives) or itchy swellings, redness, swollen lips and tongue (angiodema), eczema, contact dermatitis, and skin eruptions. (See relevant guidelines regarding each.) Respiratory reactions—include itchy roof of the mouth or throat, burning sensation in the throat, throat swelling, chest tightness, and (occasionally) wheezing. Eye and nose reactions—include red, watery eyes, runny nose, frequent sneezing, and nasal congestion with a clear discharge. Gastrointestional reactions—include abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea. Cardiovascular reactions—include heartbeat abnormalities or severe drop in blood pressure. Other characteristics can include hay fever, or anaphylactic shock (a medical emergency). (See relevant guidelines regarding each.) Policy Evaluate employee in the occupational health unit to determine whether allergen is work- related and to determine appropriate treatment or referral can be serious and potentially life-threatening. Follow OSHA policy as per any other work-related incident. Allergic Reaction